The Mechanism of Immunomodulatory Effects of β-1,3-Glucan Found in Euglena

Euglena contains Paramylon as an intracellular carbohydrate storage substance, and Paramylon has a β-1,3-glucan structure. β-glucans are widely distributed polysaccharides found in nature, including in fungi, bacteria, and plants. They are known to exhibit various physiological activities in the bodies of animals, including humans, and have been reported to have multiple effects, especially related to immune regulation. The effects associated with immune enhancement by β-glucans are believed to be induced through humoral immunity, enhancing resistance against pathogens. When β-glucans are ingested orally, they are thought to influence the mucosal immune system o